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Water heating accounts for roughly 15-25 percent of energy used in American homes,[1] making it the third largest source of residential energy consumption after HVAC and kitchen appliances.[2] Much of the energy expended on water heating in the home is used simply to maintain the heat level of water in conventional heaters while they are on “standby.”[1]

Simple steps vs. replacement

As far as water heaters are concerned, the most dramatic way to reduce most households' carbon footprint is to replace a conventional water heater with an innovative, more energy-efficient unit.[3] But there are a number of inexpensive ways for consumers to cut the emissions of their existing water heater without installing a new fixture. [4]

Simple steps

Every 10 percent reduction in water temperature results in a 3 to 5 percent reduction in energy costs.[5] Most conventional water heaters are set at a default temperature of 140°F. By simply dialing down the water heater thermostat to 120 degrees, families can cut carbon emissions by an average of 187 pounds per year.[6] For showers, 120 degrees is sufficient and the needs of most households. Turning off a water heater altogether during an extended trip is another way to cut carbon emissions and save money in the process.

There are also a number of relatively inexpensive additions that can cut back on the energy a water heater consumes. These include heat traps—$15-30 additions that prevent hot water from flowing out of the tank, hot water insulation blankets (also known as jackets), and water pipe insulation.[7] All of these add-ons usually pay for themselves in cost-savings within the first year.[8]

Innovative technologies

Most houses continue to use conventional water heaters with 40-80 gallon tanks kept at 120-140 degrees. Maintaining these high temperatures even as heat is constantly escaping creates “standby” energy losses 24 hours a day. More efficient models, like solar thermal heaters and tankless heaters are more expensive to install but typically last longer and reduce energy costs.[9]

Tax Incentives

In the US, the purchase of an energy efficient dryer may qualify you for tax breaks at the federal, state, or local levels. For detailed information, see these resources:

• American Council for an Energy-Efficiency Economy Updates on potential energy legislation.
• Tax Incentives Assistance Project Explains federal tax credits for energy efficiency.
• Alliance to Save Energy Offers an index of energy efficiency programs by state.
• Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency Provides information on state and federal incentives.
• Contact your utility provider for information on local offers.

External links

• Natural Capitalism A book written by Paul Hawken and the founders of the Rocky Mountain Institute, has relevant, easily digestible tips in its chapter on water solutions.
• ENERGY STAR - Federal Tax Credits for Energy Efficiency
• International Revue Service (IRS) Residential Energy Credit form
• Association of Appliance and Equipment Manufacturers List of water heaters eligible for tax credits.